Mendeskripsikan Jenis-Jenis Teks dalam Bahasa Inggris
Report Text
Purpose
To describe the way things are such as a man-made thing, animal, and plants.
Text Organization
- General classification (introduce the topic of the report such as the class or sub-class).
- Identification (give the shape/form, parts, behavior, habitat, way or survival).
Language Features
- The use of general nouns. (e.g.: komodoes, computers, orchids).
- The use of relating verbs. (e.g.: is, are, has)
- The use of present tenses. (e.g.: Komodo dragons usually weigh more than 160 kg)
- The use of behavioral verbs. (e.g.: Snakes often sunbathe in the Sun.)
- The use of technical terms. (e.g.: Water contains oxygen and hydrogen.)
Example of Report Text
TORNADOS
A tornado is a powerful, twisting wind storm. It is one of the most destructive storms on earth. A tornado is also called a waterspout.
A tornado is a long cloud which comes down from the sky. It is shaped like a funnel and consists of wind which whirls around and around extremely fast. In fact, the wind can reach a speed of more than 900 km per hour.
Most tornadoes from a long a front(boundary) between cool, dry air and warm, humid air. Weather scientists are unable to know exactly when tornados will occur. Fortunately, the tornado is not usually very big and it does not last long.
Narrative Text
Purpose
- To amuse or entertain.
- To deal with actual/imaginative experiences in different ways.
Text Organization
- Orientation
- Complication
- Resolution
Language Features
- Focus on specific and individualized participants.
- The use of material process (action verbs).
- The use of some behavioral and verbal processes.
- The use of relational and mental processes.
- The use of past tenses.
- The use of temporal conjunctions and circumstances.
Example of Narrative Text
Why Do Hawks Hunt Chicks?
Once upon a time, a hawk fell in love with a hen. The hawk flew down from the sky and asked the hen,"Will you marry me?"
The hen loved the brave, strong hawk and wished to marry him. But she said, "I cannot fly as high as you can. If you give me time, I may learn to fly as high as you. Then we can fly together."
The hawk agreed. Before he went away, he gave the hen a ring. "This is to show that you have promised to marry me," said the hawk.
It so happened that the hen had already promised to marry a rooster. So, when the rooster saw the ring, he became very angry. "Throw that ring away at once!" shouted the rooster. Then hen was so frightened at the rooster's anger that she threw away the ring immediately.
When the hawk came a few months later, the hen told him the truth. The hawk was so furious that he cursed the hen, "Why didn't you tell me earlier? Now, you'll always be scratching the earth, and I'll always be flying above to catch your children," said the hawk.
Analytical Exposition
Purpose
- To persuade by presenting arguments.
- To analyse or explain 'how' and 'why'.
Text Organization
- A thesis
- Arguments
- Reiteration
Language Features
- Emotive words. (e.g.: alarmed, worried)
- Words that qualify statements. (e.g.: usual, probably)
- Words that link arguments. (e.g.: firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore)
- The use of the present tense.
- The use of compound and complex sentences
Example of Analytical Exposition
Being Fat Matters
Do you know if you are too fat, you may have serious problems with your health? A group of doctors wrote a report about some of the effects of too much fat.
One important effects is on the heart. If you are fat, your heart has to work harder. This may lead to a heart attack; or it may lead to other heart problem.
In addition, extra fat can also change the amount of sugar in your blood. This can cause serious disease such as diabetes.
Futhermore high blood pressure is another possible result of being fat.
More studies are needed about all these problems. But one thing is clear, extra fat may make your life shorter.
Spoof Text
Purpose
To tell an event with a humorous twist.
Text Organization
- Orientation (who were involved in the story, when, and where)
- Events (tell what happened in chronological order)
- Twist (provide the funniest part of the story)
Language Features
- The use of action verbs. (e.g.: walked, laughed, ran away)
- The use of connectives. (e.g.: first, then, finally)
- The use of adverbial phrases of time and place. (e.g.: in the garden, two days ago)
- The use of the simple past tense. (e.g.: He walked away from the village)
Example of Spoof Text
We Don't Subscribe to Any Newspaper
Jack was a university student. He studied history.
At the end of the year, his history professor failed him in his examinations and he was told to leave the university.
The next day, Jack's father went to see the professor. He urged the professor to let Jack continue his studies the following year. "He is a good boy," said Jack's father, "and if you give him a chance this time, I'm sure he will improve a lot next year.".
"No, no! That's quite impossible!," replied the professor, "Do you know, last month I asked him when Napoleon died, and he could no to answer it."
"Please, sir, give him another chance," said jack's father, "you see, we don't subscribe to any newspaper in our house, so none of us even knew that Napleon was ill."
